The GRADE working group
The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (short GRADE) Working Group began in the year 2000 as an informal collaboration of people with an interest in addressing the shortcomings of present grading systems in health care.
| Iosief Abraha | Dr | Epidemiology Department Regional Health Authority of Umbria | Perugia | . | Italy |
| Marc Afilalo | Associate Professor, Director | McGill University, Emergency Department, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital | Montreal | QC | Canada |
| Faruque Ahmed | Senior Epidemiologist | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Atlanta | GA | USA |
| Tomoyuki Aihara | Staff physician | Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital | Hirosaki | Japan | |
| Morio Aihara | Director | Aihara Clinic | Hirosaki | Japan | |
| Elie Akl | Assistant Professor of Medicine | State University of New York at Buffalo, ECMC | Buffalo | NY | USA |
| Phil Alderson | Associate Director | Centre for Clinical Practice, NICE | Manchester | UK | |
| Pablo Alonso-Coello | Researcher | Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) | Barcelona | Spain | Laura Amato | Dr. | Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Authority and Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group | Rome | Italy |
| Jeff Andrews | Associate Professor | Vanderbilt Evidence-based Practice Center | Nashville | TN | USA |
| David Atkins | Director | QUERI Program, Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs | Washington | DC | USA |
| Howard Balshem | Research Associate | Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University | Portland | OR | USA |
| Hilda Bastian | PubMed Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) / NLM / NIH | Bethesda | MD | USA | |
| Fadi Bdair | Assistant Professor of Medicine | State University of New York at Buffalo | Buffalo | NY | USA |
| Hans de Beer | Consultant | CBO | Utrecht | The Netherlands | |
| Maria Benkhalti Jandu | Coordinator | WHO Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| Gunnar Bergström | associate professor | The National Board of Health and Welfare | Stockholm | Sweden | |
| Patrick Bossuyt | Professor | Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Amsterdam | Amsterdam | The Netherlands | Matthias Briel | Senior Scientist | Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel | Basel | Switzerland |
| Dominique Broclain | Editorial Research and Development | La revue Prescrire | Paris | France | |
| Jan Brozek | Assistant Professor | Departments Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University | Hamilton | ON | Canada |
| Klara Brunnhuber | Clinical Editor | Evidence Centre, BMJ Publishing Group | London | UK | |
| Massimo Brunetti | Health Economist | Local Health Unit Modena | Modena | Italy | |
| Bernard Burnand | Chief Physician; Associate Professor | Healthcare Evaluation Unit, IUMSP, CHUV and University of Lausanne | Lausanne | Switzerland | Doug Campos-Outcalt | Chair | Department of Family, Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine | Phoenix | AZ | USA |
| Stephanie Chang | Director, | Evidence-based Practice Center Program, Center for Outcomes and Evidence, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality | Rockville | MD | USA |
| Yaolong Chen | Dr., Editor | Evidence Based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University | Lanzhou | China | |
| Robin Christensen | Senior Biostatistician | The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Frederiksberg Hospital | Copenhagen | Denmark | |
| Francoise Cluzeau | Senior Advisor | NICE international | London | UK | |
| Sarah Connor Gorber | Scientific Research Manager | Office of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| Siobhan Crowley | Dr | Department of HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization | Geneva | Switzerland | |
| Philipp Dahm | Associate Professor | Department of Urology, University of Florida | Gainesville | FL | USA | Marina Davoli | Head | Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Authority | Rome | Italy | Luz Maria de Regil | Epidemiologist | Department of Nutrition for Health and Development, World Health Organization | Geneva | Switzerland |
| Benjamin Djulbegovic | Professor of Oncology and Medicine | H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida | Tampa | FL | USA |
| Carmen Dolea | Technical Officer | Health Workforce Migration and Retention, Human Resources for Health, Health Systems and Services Cluster, World Health Organization | Geneva | Switzerland | |
| Lisa Dolovich | Associate Professor | Departments of Family Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Medicine, McMaster University | Hamilton | ON | Canada |
| Mahmoud Elbarbary | Professor of Critial Care Medicine; Secretary general | National & Gulf Center for EBM; College of Medicine King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences | Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | |
| Mats Eliasson | Associate professor | Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University | Umeå | Sweden | |
| Clovis Mariano Faggion Jr. | Dr. med. dent. | Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg | Heidelberg | Germany | |
| Yngve Falck-Ytter | Associate Professor of Medicine | Division of Gastroenterology, Case and VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University | Cleveland | OH | USA |
| Zbys Fedorowicz | Director | Bahrain Branch of the UK Cochrane Centre | Awali | Bahrain | |
| Anita Fitzgerald | Assistant Research Manager | New Zealand Guidelines Group | Auckland | New Zealand | |
| Signe Flottorp | Researcher | Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services | Oslo | Norway | |
| Bo Freyschuss | Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute | Stockholm | Sweden | ||
| Gerald Gartlehner | Head | Department for EBM and Clinical Epidemiology, Danube University | Krems | Austria | |
| Davina Ghersi | Team Leader | International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Department of Research Policy and Cooperation (RPC/IER), World Health Organization | Geneva | Switzerland | |
| Paul Glasziou | Professor & Director | Centre for Evidence-Based Practice; Department of Primary Health Care | Oxford | UK | |
| Laragh Gollogly | Managing Editor | Bulletin of the World Health Organization | Geneva | Switzerland | |
| Carlos Jiménez Gutiérrez | Professor of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine | Women's Hospital / National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexican Cochrane Network | Mexico City | Mexico | |
| Gordon H. Guyatt | Professor | Departments of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University | Hamilton | ON | Canada |
| Robin T. Harbour | Quality and Information Director | Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) | Edinburgh | UK | |
| Margaret Haugh | Publications Manager | Scientific Affairs, Europe, Sanofi Pasteur MSD | Lyon | France | |
| Geert J.M.G. van der Heijden | Associate Professor of Clinical Epidemiology | Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht | Utrecht | The Netherlands | |
| Mark Helfand | Director, Professor | Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University | Portland | OR | USA |
| Marleen Hermens | Consultant in guideline development | Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction | Utrecht | The Netherlands | |
| Suzanne Hill | Scientist | World Health Organization | Geneva | Switzerland | Markus Horneber | Dr | Department of Oncology/Hematology, Klinikum Nuernberg | Nuernberg | Germany |
| Andrea Horvath | Clinical Director | Clinical Chemistry SEALS North, SEALS Executive Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital | Randwick | NSW | Australia | Tara Horváth | Managing Editor | Cochrane HIV/AIDS Group, University of California | San Francisco | CA | USA |
| Roman Jaeschke | Professor | Departments of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University | Hamilton | ON | Canada |
| Michelle Kho | Health Research Methodology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University | Hamilton | ON | Canada | |
| Brice Kitio Dschassi | Project manager | Haute Autorité de Santé | Saint Denis | France | |
| Roger D. Klein | Medical Director; Assistant Professor of Pathology | Molecular Oncology, BloodCenter of Wisconsin; Medical College of Wisconsin | Milwaukee | WI | USA |
| Jorma Komulainen | Senior Medical Officer | National Institute for Health and Welfare | Helsinki | Finland | Annette Kristiansen | Dr. | Sykehuset Innlandet | Gjøvik | Norway |
| Ton Kuijpers | Epidemiologist, senior advisor guideline development | Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement CBO | Utrecht | The Netherlands | Regina Kulier | Scientist | Guidelines Review Committee Secretariat, Department of Research, Policy and Cooperation, World Health Organization |
Geneva | Switzerland |
| Ilkka Kunnamo | Editor-in-Chief | EBM Guidelines & EBMeDS, Duodecim Medical Publications Ltd. | Helsinki | Finland | |
| Regina Kunz | Professor, Director | asim, Academy of Swiss Insurance Medicine, University Hospital Basel | Basel | Switzerland | |
| Eddy Lang | Associate Professor | Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary | Calgary | AB | Canada |
| Stefan Lange | Deputy Director | Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care | Cologne | Germany | |
| Miranda Langendam | Senior epidemiologist | The Dutch Cochrane Centre; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam | Amsterdam | The Netherlands | |
| Gero Langer | Dr. | German Center for Evidence-based Nursing »sapere aude« | Halle | Germany | Mariska Leeflang | Researcher | Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Amsterdam | Amsterdam | The Netherlands |
| Anne Lethaby | Research Manager | New Zealand Guidelines Group | Auckland | New Zealand | |
| Alessandro Liberati | Professor of Clinical Epidemiology | Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia - Modena, Agenzia Sanitaria Regionale Regione Emilia Romagna, and Italian Cochrane Centre | Bologna | Italy | |
| Helena Liira | Associate Editor | Finnish Medical Society Duodecim | Helsinki | Finland | Jan Liliemark | Professor | SBU - Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment | Sockholm | Sweden |
| Jianping Liu | Professor; Director | Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine | Beijing | China | |
| Bin Ma | Dr., Lecturer | Evidence Based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University | Lanzhou | China | |
| Nicola Magrini | Clinical Pharmacologist, Director | CeVEAS, NHS Centre for the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Health Care | Modena | Italy | |
| Mercè Marzo | Medical Epidemiologist | Catalan Institute of Health, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC) | Barcelona | Spain | Mike McGraw | Reference and User Services Librarian | Cleveland Health Sciences Library Case Western Reserve University |
Cleveland | OH | USA |
| Joerg Meerpohl | Dr. | German Cochrane Centre | Freiburg | Germany | |
| Hanako Mihara | Staff physician | Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center | Tokyo | Japan | |
| Rubin Minhas | Clinical Director & Editor in Chief | BMJ Evidence Centre | London | UK | |
| Andrew Mitchell | Strategic Adviser, Evaluation | Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing | Canberra | ACT | Australia |
| Alessandro Montedori | Researcher | Regional Health Authority of Umbria | Perugia | Italy | |
| Victor M. Montori | Professor of Medicine and Lead Researcher | Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine | Rochester | MN | USA | Rebecca Morgan | Researcher | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Atlanta | GA | USA |
| Hassan Murad | Senior Associate Consultant | The Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic | Rochester | MN | USA |
| Takayuki Murayama | Director | Patient Safety Division, Gotemba ISHIKAWA Hospital | Gotemba | Japan | Reem Mustafa | Physician | Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre | Hamilton | ON | Canada | Mona Nasser | Clinical Lecturer in Evidence based Dentistry | Peninsula Dental School | Plymouth | UK |
| Gihad Nesrallah | Adjunct Professor | Division of Nephrology, University of Western Ontario | London | ON | Canada |
| Susan L. Norris | Associate Professor | Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health Sciences University | Portland | OR | USA | Ekwaro Obuku | Research Scholar | Joint Clinical Research Centre | Kampala | Uganda |
| Guenter Ollenschlaeger | Professor, Director | German Agency for Quality in Medicine (AEZQ / AQUMED), Berlin, Germany | Berlin | Germany | |
| Andrew D. Oxman | Senior Researcher | Preventive and International Health Care Unit, Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services | Oslo | Norway | |
| Donato Papini | Researcher | Regione Emilia-Romagna, Agenzia sanitaria e sociale regionale | Bologna | Italy | |
| Steven D. Pearson | President | Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School | Boston | MA | USA |
| Bob Phillips | Dr, Associate Fellow | Centre for Evidence-based Medicine | Oxford | UK | |
| Rudolf Poolman | Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon | Joint Research Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis |
Amsterdam | The Netherlands | |
| Piet N. Post | Consultant in guideline development | Post Voor Zorg | Delft | The Netherlands | |
| Kevin Pottie | Associate Professor | Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| Kameshwar Prasad | Professor of Neurology, Director (CEU) | Neurosciences Centre & Clinical Epidemiology Unit (CEU), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) | New Delhi | India | |
| Silvia Pregno | Dr. | Public Health Physician | Modena | Italy | Milo Puhan | Associate Professor of Epidemiology | Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health | Baltimore | MD | USA | Heike Raatz | Dr., Researcher | Basel Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics | Basel | Switzerland |
| Eva Rehfuess | Dr | Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich | Munich | Germany | |
| David Rind | Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine; Co-Executive Editor | Harvard Medical School; UpToDate | Boston | MA | USA | Sarah Rosenbaum | Designer / researcher | Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services | Oslo | Norway |
| Juan Sahuquillo | Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery | Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery | Barcelona | Spain | |
| Arturo Salazar | Dr. | Combined Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Residency Program, Wayne State University/ Detroit Medical Center | Detroit | MI | USA |
| Nancy Santesso | Research Coordinator | Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University | Hamilton | ON | Canada |
| Rob J.P.M. Scholten | Director | The Dutch Cochrance Centre | Amsterdam | The Netherlands | |
| Holger J. Schünemann | Professor and Chair | Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre | Hamilton | ON | Canada |
| Art Sedrakyan | Medical Officer, FDA OC and CDRH | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | Silver Spring | MD | USA |
| Ian Shemilt | Senior Research Associate | University of East Anglia | Norwich | UK | |
| Vijay Shukla | Director, CDR and COMPUS Methods | Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| Jane E. Sisk | Division Director | Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Hyattsville | MD | USA |
| Ivan Solà | Administrator, Trial search co-ordinator | Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau | Barcelona | Spain | Joao Paulo Souza | Medical Officer | Technical Cooperation with Countries, Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO | Geneva | Switzerland |
| Annika Strandell | Associate Professor | Regional Health Technology Assessment Centre, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital | Göteborg | Sweden | |
| Shahnaz Sultan | Assistant Professor of Medicine | Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Florida College of Medicine | Gainesville | FL | USA | Patrice Sutton | Research Scientist | University of California, San Francisco, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment | Oakland | CA | USA |
| Toni Tan | Systematic Reviewer | Short Clinical Guideline Programme, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) | Manchester | UK | |
| Judith Thornton | Technical Adviser | Centre for Clinical Practice, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence | Manchester | UK | |
| Kari Tikkinen | Urologist and clinical epidemiologist | Dept. of Urology and Dept. of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Helsinki University Central Hospital and McMaster University | Toronto | Canada | Marcus Tolentino | Specialized technician, PhD student | Ministry of Health of Brazil, University of Brasília | Brasilia | Brazil |
| David Tovey | Editor in Chief | The Cochrane Library | London | UK | |
| Shaun Treweek | Senior Lecturer | Clinical & Population Sciences and Education, University of Dundee | Dundee | UK | |
| Mario Tristan | Dr. and Director-General | International Health Central American Institute Foundation, Cochrane Centre of Central America Branch of the Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre | San Jose | Costa Rica | |
| Peter Tugwell | Director | Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| Erin Ueffing | Field Administrator | Cochrane Health Equity Field and Campbell Equity Methods Group, Centre for Global Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| Craig A Umscheid | Assistant Professor of Medicine; Co-Director | Center for Evidence-based Practice, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | PA | USA |
| Natasja van Veen | Advisor | Dutch Association of Medical Specialists | Utrecht | The Netherlands | |
| Esther Van Zuuren | Dermatologist | Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre | Leiden | The Netherlands | |
| Per Olav Vandvik | Researcher | Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services | Oslo | Norway | |
| Gunn E. Vist | Senior Researcher | Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services | Oslo | Norway | Sarah Wamala | Dr., Director General | Swedish National Institute of Public Health | Östersund | Sweden | Li Wang | Dr | The Chinese Cochrane Centre / Chinese Evidence-based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University | Chengdu | China |
| Joseph Watine | Consultant Laboratory Medicine | Hôpital de Rodez | Rodez | France | |
| Vivian Welch | Researcher | Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa | Ottawa | ON | Canada |
| George A. Wells | Professor; Director | Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre; University of Ottawa Heart Institute | Ottawa | ON | Canada | Maggie Westby | Clinical Effectiveness Lead | National Clinical Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians | London | UK |
| Craig Whittington | Senior Systematic Reviewer | National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, CORE, University College London | London | UK | Ole Wichmann | Head, Immunization Unit | Dept. for Infectious Disease Epidemiology Robert Koch Institute |
Berlin | Germany |
| John W. Williams Jr. | Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry | Duke University and Durham VA Medical Center | Durham | NC | USA |
| Kevin Wilson | Assistant Professor of Medicine; Deputy Editor | UpToDate; Boston University School of Medicine | Boston | MA | USA | Robert Wolff | Researcher | Kleijnen Systematic Reviews Ltd | York | UK |
| James Woodcock | Lecturer | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine | London | UK |